Issue 86:4 is now out. The In Focus in this issue is by Jonathan De Long and looks at the paper by Yuanhu Shao on “Nitrogen deposition cancels out exotic earthworm effects on plant‐feeding nematode communities”.

We also an review paper by Remington J. Moll which features on the cover titled “The many faces of fear: a synthesis of the methodological variation in characterizing predation risk”.

The paper by Sandra Stålhandske on the effect of mild winters on butterflies and the paper by Charlotte Underwood on how light pollution alters trophic interactions of intertidal invertebrates both previously featured on here are included in this issue.

As always to make the most of all the great photos from our authors below is a slideshow of the best images.

Understanding how mammalian scavengers use information from avian scavengers: cue from above. Adam Kane & Corinne J. Kendall. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12663

Contact and contagion: Probability of transmission given contact varies with demographic state in bighorn sheep. Kezia R. Manlove et al. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12664

Isotopic niche partitioning between two apex predators over time. Massimiliano Drago et al. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12666

Climatic variation modulates the indirect effects of large herbivores on small‐mammal habitat use. Ryan A. Long et al. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12669

Effects of predatory ants within and across ecosystems in bromeliad food webs. Ana Z. Gonçalves et al. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12671

Winter chilling speeds spring development of temperate butterflies. Stålhandske et al. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12673

The effects of ant nests on soil fertility and plant performance: a meta‐analysis. Alejandro G. Farji‐Brener & Victoria Werenkraut. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12672

Nematodes, exotic earthworms and nitrogen addition: interactions between global change factors lead to cancellation effects. Jonathan R. De Long. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12681

Functionally specialised birds respond flexibly to seasonal changes in fruit availability. Irene M. A. Bender et al. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12683

A framework for modelling range shifts and migrations: asking when, whither, whether and will it return. Eliezer Gurarie et al. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12674

To graze or gorge: consistency and flexibility of individual foraging tactics in tits. Nicole D. Milligan et al. http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12651

Simon Hoggart
Assistant Editor, Journal of Animal Ecology